CLINICAL PROFILE,MANAGEMENT PATTERNS AND EARLY OUTCOMES OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR TRAUMA IN A NIGERIAN TERTIARY HOSPITAL: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Background Peripheral vascular trauma remains a significant cause of preventable limb loss and disability in low- and middle-income countries, largely due to delayed presentation and limited vascular surgery resources. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics, management strategies, and early outcomes of patients with peripheral vascular injuries managed at a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Methodology A retrospective review of 31 consecutive patients with peripheral vascular injuries was conducted. Demographic data, injury mechanisms, vessels involved, presentation delays, surgical interventions, and early outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results The mean age of patients was 28.7 ± 9.7 years, with a marked male predominance (29; 93.5%). Road traffic injuries were the commonest mechanism (10; 32.3%), followed by gunshot wounds (5; 16.1%) and stab injuries (4; 12.9%). Upper limb arterial injuries were slightly more frequent than lower limb injuries (15; 48.4% vs 12; 38.7%). Limb salvage was achieved in 18 patients (58.1%), while two patients (6.5%) underwent amputation. Mortality occurred in two patients (6.5%), both associated with severe concomitant injuries and sepsis. Delays in definitive vascular repair were frequently related to limited availability of vascular instruments and operative resources.

Conclusion Peripheral vascular trauma predominantly affects young males and remains associated with preventable delays in care. Strengthening trauma systems, improving access to vascular surgery facilities, and promoting early referral may enhance limb salvage rates and reduce complications and mortality.